Phulkian States was the collective name given to the three small Princely state of Patiala State, Jind State, and Nabha State in Punjab during the British Raj in India.
Collectively, these states covered a total area of 8,188 sq mi (21206.82 sq km).
Khewa first married a woman from a Rajput family but had no children with her. He then married the daughter of a Jats zamindar. From this second marriage, he had a son named Sidhu. However, the Rajput did not accept this union. According to their customs, Sidhu could not inherit his father's caste and was therefore identified by his mother's caste. The Sidhu clan has derived its name from him. Sidhu had four sons: Dhar (also known as Debi), Bar, Sur, and Rupach. The rulers of the Phulkian States are descended from his second son, Bar. Bar had a son, Bir, who had two sons, Sidtilkara and Sitrah. Sitrah had two sons, Jertha and Lakumba. Jertha had a son, Mahi, who was followed in successive generations by Gala, Mehra, Hambir, and Barar. Barar had two sons, Paur and Dhul. Dhul was the progenitor of the Rajas of Faridkot State. The two brothers quarrelled, and Paur fell into poverty. Several generations of his family remained in this state until Sangrur restored their fortunes. Sangrur assisted Babur in his invasion of India and was killed during the first battle of Panipat. After Babur's victory over Ibrahim Lodhi, and in recognition of Sangrur's services, Babur appointed his deceased son Wariyam (also known as Bairam or Beeram) as Chowdhury of the territory to the south-west of Delhi. Wariyam was later confirmed in this office by Humayun. He was killed in 1560 during a conflict with the Bhati. His grandson Satu also fell alongside him. Wariyam left two sons: Mehraj, who succeeded him, and Garaj. Mehraj was succeeded by his grandson Pakhu. Pakhu was killed in a battle against the Bhati at Baddowal. Pakhu had two sons, Habbal and Mohan. Mohan succeeded him.
Mohan was unable to pay the arrears owed to the government and was continually harassed by the Bhattis. He fled to Hansi and Hisar, where he assembled a force. He then returned home and defeated the Bhattis at Baddowal. Following the advice of Guru Hargobind, he founded a village, which he named Mehraj after his great-grandfather. Mohan and his eldest son, Rup Chand, were killed in a fight with the Bhattis.
Mohan son, Kul Chand, succeeded him and became the guardian of Rup’s sons, Sandhali and Phul. Soon after Guru Hargobind visited Baddowal, Kul instructed his nephews that when they saw the Guru Hargobind, they should place their hands on their stomachs as if they were hungry. Upon seeing the Guru Hargobind, they followed his instructions. Guru Hargobind inquired about the reason for their gesture. Kul explained that the boys were starving. Upon hearing this, the Guru responded, "What matters the hunger of one belly, when these boys shall satisfy the hunger of thousands?" He then asked for the names of the children. When he heard the name Phul, he remarked, "The name shall be a true omen, and he shall bear many blossoms."
Hamir Singh, a descendant of Tiloka, is the progenitor of the royal house of Nabha State. Hamir Singh was the son of Suratiya, who was the son of Gurditta, who in turn was the son of Tiloka. Upon the death of Bhagwan Singh, the direct line of Gurditta, who was ruling at Nabha State, came to an end. Hira Singh, a son of Sukha Singh and a grandson of Basawa Singh—himself a lineal descendant of Gajpat Singh of Jind State, who was a cousin of Hamir—was placed on the throne of Nabha State.
Gajpat Singh, the son of Sakhchain and grandson of Tiloka, was the progenitor of the royal house of Jind State. Gajpat's daughter, Raj Kaur, married Maha Singh and was the mother of Ranjit Singh. When Sangat Singh of Jind State died without an heir, Swarup Singh succeeded him as the ruler of Jind State. He belonged to the Bazidpur branch of the Jind State family. His father, Karam Singh, was the son of Bhup Singh and the grandson of Gajpat Singh.
Ala Singh, son of Rama is the progenitor of the royal house of Patiala State.
Collectively, these three states had a population of 2,237,770.
In 1858, the rulers of these states jointly submitted a request to Earl Canning, the then Viceroy of India. In their petition, they requested the right to adopt an heir in the event of failure of male issue as a reward for the service they rendered to the East India Company during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Earl Canning, however, refused their request; two years later, in 1860, upon his visit to Punjab, he granted them the right of adoption. This decision was made at the Ambala Darbar that was held in Ambala between 18–20 January 1860.
Another request they made in 1858 was that if any ruler of these states died leaving behind an infant heir, a council of regency should be appointed. This council was to comprise three elderly and trusted ministers of the state, none of whom were related to the heir. The British Government, acting on the advice of the rulers of the other two states, was to select the council. This request was granted.
Ala Singh (1695 – 1765) | 1709 | 1765 | |||
Amar Singh (1748 – 1781) | 1765 | 1781 | |||
Sahib Singh (1773 – 1813) | 1781 | 1813 | |||
Karam Singh (1824 – 1862) | 1813 | 1845 | |||
Narinder Singh (1824 – 1862) | 1845 | 1862 | |||
Mahendra Singh (1852 – 1876) | 1862 | 1876 | |||
Rajinder Singh (1872 – 1900) | 1876 | 1900 | |||
Bhupinder Singh (1891 – 1938) | 1900 | 1938 | |||
Yadavindra Singh (1913 – 1974) | 1913 | 1974 | |||
Pretender | |||||
Amarinder Singh (1942 – ) | 1974 |
Gajpat Singh (1738 – 1789) | 1758 | 1789 | |||
Bhag Singh (1760 – 1819) | 1789 | 1819 | |||
Fateh Singh (1789 – 1822) | 1819 | 1822 | |||
Sangat Singh (1810 – 1834) | 1822 | 1834 | |||
Swarup Singh (1812 – 1864) | 1834 | 1864 | |||
Raghubir Singh (1832 – 1887) | 1864 | 1887 | |||
Ranbir Singh (1879 – 1948) | 1887 | 1948 | |||
Titular | |||||
Rajbir Singh (1948 – 1959) | 1948 | 1959 | |||
Satbir Singh (1940 – 2023) | 1959 | 2023 | Upon the death of his father, Rajbir Singh, in 1959, Yadavindra Singh, the Maharaja of Patiala, installed him as the Maharaja of Jind State. |
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